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A transducer consisting of two different metals welded together at each end; a voltage is produced that is proportional to the difference in temperature between the two junctions (one of which is normally held at a known temperature)

Thermocouple connected to a multimeter displaying room temperature in °C

A transducer consisting of two different metals welded together at each end; a voltage is produced that is proportional to the difference in temperature between the two junctions (one of which is normally held at a known temperature)

Type K thermocouple (chromel–alumel) in the standard thermocouple measurement configuration. The measured voltage ${\displaystyle \scriptstyle V}$ can be used to calculate temperature ${\displaystyle \scriptstyle T_{\mathrm {sense} }}$, provided that temperature ${\displaystyle \scriptstyle T_{\mathrm {ref} }}$ is known.

A transducer consisting of two different metals welded together at each end; a voltage is produced that is proportional to the difference in temperature between the two junctions (one of which is normally held at a known temperature)

Characteristic functions for thermocouples that reach intermediate temperatures, as covered by nickel-alloy thermocouple types E, J, K, M, N, T. Also shown are the noble-metal alloy type P and the pure noble-metal combinations gold–platinum and platinum–palladium.