Particularly, an inspection by a medical professional to establish the extent and nature of any sickness or injury.
A formal test involving answering written or oral questions with no or limited access to text books or the like.
Esimerkit
[The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across. Such pits are about the size of a bacterial cell. Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, […].